ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and anxiety disorders often share similar symptoms—such as restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and irritability—which can make it hard to tell them apart. However, these are two distinct conditions with different root causes, treatments, and long-term effects. In fact, leading clinicians and researchers gathered at the National Leadership Summit on the Appropriate Use of ADHD Treatments in June 2025 to address revised diagnosis guidelines to improve patient outcomes.
Core Differences in Causes and Mechanisms
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood. It stems from differences in brain structure and chemistry, particularly involving dopamine regulation. People with ADHD often struggle with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
Anxiety, on the other hand, is a mental health condition rooted in excessive worry or fear. It often develops in response to life stressors, trauma, or genetics. Anxiety disorders can occur at any age and are primarily driven by overactive fear responses in the brain.
Symptom Comparison
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and anxiety disorders are two of the most frequently diagnosed mental health circumstances, and they often share overlapping symptoms such as agitation, difficulty concentrating, and prickliness. This symptom overlap can make it hard to differentiate between the two. However, despite some similarities in how they present, ADHD and anxiety stem from different underlying causes, affect the brain in unique ways, and require distinct treatment approaches. Understanding the key differences between ADHD and anxiety is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective care.
- Focus and Attention:
People with ADHD have trouble focusing due to distractibility and under-stimulation. With anxiety, focus is disrupted by intrusive thoughts and worry. - Restlessness:
ADHD-related restlessness is typically due to hyperactivity or impulsiveness. In anxiety, restlessness comes from internal tension and nervousness. - Forgetfulness:
In ADHD, forgetfulness is linked to disorganization and poor time management. For anxiety, forgetfulness can result from mental exhaustion or preoccupation with worries. - Sleep Issues:
ADHD may cause inconsistent sleep patterns and trouble settling down. Anxiety often leads to insomnia or frequent waking due to racing thoughts.
Emotional Regulation
People with ADHD may be emotionally reactive or impulsive, struggling to manage frustration or excitement. Those with anxiety usually experience chronic nervousness or fear, with heightened sensitivity to potential threats.
Diagnosis and Co-occurrence
A key challenge is that ADHD and anxiety frequently co-occur. Someone with both conditions may find it harder to manage their symptoms, and treatment plans often need to address both disorders. A thorough psychological evaluation is essential to accurately diagnose and differentiate between the two.
Final Thoughts
ADHD is typically treated with stimulant or non-stimulant medications, behavioral therapy, and organizational strategies. Anxiety is managed with therapy (especially cognitive behavioral therapy), anti-anxiety medications, and stress-reduction techniques. While ADHD and anxiety may look alike on the surface, understanding their differences is crucial for effective treatment. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of either, a mental health professional can help determine the best course of action tailored to your needs.
About Celadon Recovery
Celadon is a comprehensive addiction and mental health treatment center located along the shores of the Caloosahatchee River in Fort Myers, Florida. With a full-continuum of care including detox, residential, and outpatient programs, we are committed to quality substance use and co-occurring disorder care. Call us today at 239-266-2141.
